H.J. Res. 25, a joint resolution providing for Congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to “Gross Proceeds Reporting by Brokers That Regularly Provide…

Bill Summary

H.J. Res. 25 would disapprove the final rule published by the Department of the Treasury in December 2024 relating to a provision of the 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Public Law 117-58) that requires entities that qualify as “brokers” for cryptocurrency transactions to report certain information to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for tax purposes.[1] The final rule defines brokers to include centralized, or custodial, participants and decentralized, or noncustodial, participants. By invoking a legislative process established in the Congressional Review Act, the resolution would repeal the rule and prohibit the issuance of the same or any similar rule in the future.

Estimated Federal Cost

The estimated budgetary effect of H.J. Res. 25 is shown in Table 1. The costs of the legislation fall within budget function 800 (general government).

Basis of Estimate

The Congressional Budget Act of 1974, as amended, stipulates that revenue estimates provided by the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) are the official estimates for all tax legislation considered by the Congress. CBO therefore incorporates such estimates into its cost estimates of the effects of legislation. The revenue estimates for the bill were provided by JCT.[2]

Revenues

JCT estimates that enacting the bill would reduce revenues by $4.5 billion over the 2025‑2035 period.

The repeal of the rule would lead to a reduction in third-party reporting to the IRS by decentralized participants for cryptocurrency transactions. Because the IRS would no longer have third-party verification of certain transactions, taxable income related to cryptocurrency may be subject to greater misreporting.

Spending Subject to Appropriation

CBO estimates that the administrative costs to implement the resolution would not be significant over the 2025-2030 period. Any related spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds.

Uncertainty

JCT’s estimates of the budgetary effects of H.J. Res. 25 are subject to uncertainty: They are made on the basis of underlying projections and other factors that could change significantly. In particular, the estimates rely in part on CBO’s economic projections for the next decade under current law and on expectations of the way taxpayers might respond to changes in tax law.

Pay-As-You-Go Considerations

The Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 establishes budget-reporting and enforcement procedures for legislation affecting direct spending or revenues. The net changes in revenues that are subject to those pay-as-you-go procedures are shown in Table 1.

Increase in Long-Term Net Direct Spending and Deficits

CBO and JCT estimate that enacting H.J. Res. 25 would not increase net direct spending in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2036. JCT estimates that the bill would reduce revenues and increase on-budget deficits by more than $5 billion in at least one of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2036.

Mandates

JCT has determined that the bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.

Federal Costs: Jennifer Shand, Tax Analysis Division

Revenues: Staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation

Mandates: Andrew Laughlin; staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation

Estimate Reviewed By

Kathleen FitzGerald
Chief, Public and Private Mandates Unit

Ann E. Futrell
Senior Advisor, Budget Analysis Division

Joshua Shakin
Chief, Revenue Projections Unit

H. Samuel Papenfuss 
Deputy Director of Budget Analysis

John McClelland
Director of Tax Analysis